Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
Ibibabi by’urumogi byabaye ikintu kiboneka henshi ku mihanda ya Bangkok
Kuri Sukhumvit Road, umuhanda munini mpuzamahanga wo mu murwa mukuru Bangkok hari ibirango bishyashya bimurika cyane, ni amatara yerekana ubucuruzi buri kuzamuka cyane bw’urumogi muri Thailand kuva iki gihugu cyakuraho amategeko aruhana muri Kamena(6) umwaka ushize.
Ugenze n’amaguru kilometero ebyiri uvuye ku biro bya BBC i Bangkok ugana iburasirazuba, uca ku nzu zirenga 40 zicuruza urumogi mu buryo butandukanye.
Ugiye mu kindi cyerekezo, ku muhanda wamamaye ubaho utubari wa Khao San Road, ho hari iguriro rinini cyane ryitwa Plantopia ricuruza ibijyanye n’urumogi gusa, inyuma rifite n’agace aho abaguzi bashobora gusogongera ku bicuruzwa.
Urubuga rwa ‘Weed in Thailand’ rwanditseho business zirenga 4,000 muri iki gihugu zicuruza urumogi n’ibirukomokaho.
Aha ni muri Thailand, aho kugeza muri Kamena ishize washoboraga gufungwa imyaka itanu bagufatanye urumogi, na 15 basanze uruhinga, mu gihe ibindi biyobyabwenge ari igihano cy’urupfu. Uburyo ibi byahindutse biratangaje.
Kitty Chopaka yashinze kompanyi yitwa Elevated Estate ikora ubujyanama ku ruganda rw’urumogi, kandi yari mu mpirimbanyi zasabaga izi mpinduka mu mategeko.
Ati: “Ubu ni akajagari, ariko iyo hatabaho impinduramatwara simbona ko na hano twari kuhagera.
Ariko si ubwisanzure nk’ubu we n’abandi babyifuzaga barotaga.
Ati: “Ducyeneye amabwiriza. Asobanura ibyo ushobora gukora n’ibyo utakora. Birimo gutera urujijjo rukabije, abantu benshi ntibazi ibyo bashobora gukora.”
Ahavuye isanamu, Lulu Luo/BBC
Kitty Chopaka avuga ko Thailand ikeneye amabwiriza meza yo gufasha uruganda rw’urumogi mu gihugu
Gusa hariho amategeko muri iki gisa n’ubwisanzure busesuye, ariko yubahirizwa mu buryo budasobanutse, iyo nabyo bibayeho. Abarucuruza bose ntibafite ibyangombwa bibibemerera, ibyo ubundi basabwa. Bagomba kugaragaza aho bavanye urumogi rwabo kandi bakandika umwirondoro wa buri muguzi.
Ntabwo rugomba kugurishwa ‘online’, ariko mu gihe kiri munsi y’isaha imwe ushobora kurugura kuri internet bakaba barugejeje ku muryango iwawe.
Urumogi ntirugomba kugurishwa ku muntu uri munsi y’imyaka 20, ariko se ni nde wo kubimenya niba ruzanywe n’umumotari?
Hari restaurants zicuruza ibiryo bivanze n’urumogi, ushobora kubona icyayi rurimo, ndetse na ice-cream. Yewe hari n’inzu zicuruza amazi arimo urumogi.
Polisi yemeje ko itazi neza icyemewe n’ikibujijwe mu gihe igerageza kubahiriza amategeko macye agenga ubucuruzi n’imikoresherezwe y’urumogi muri Thailand.
Ubutegetsi bwemeje aya mategeko busa n’ubwabikoze nk’impanuka ya politike.
Anutin Charnvirakul ukuriye rimwe mu mahuriro manini y’amashyaka ya politike, kuvanaho amategeko ahana urumogi ni kimwe mu byari bigize manifesto ye ya politike yiyamamaza mu 2019. Byatumye atsinda, ahanini bishingiye ku ngingo y’uko ruzinjiriza abahinzi b’abakene amafaranga menshi.
Nka minisitiri w’ubuzima muri guverinoma nshya, Anutin yashyize imbere kuvugurura urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge bibujijwe mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yemeye.
Ariko inteko ishingamategeko ya Thailand yabigenzemo buhoro.
Urumogi rwaje kuvanwa mu byaha mbere y’uko hategurwa amabwiriza agenga iyi business. Ubu bushabitsi bwahise bwihuta cyane bufata intera ndetse mu gihe andi matora rusange ateganyijwe muri uku kwezi kwa Gicurasi hari amahirwe macye ko hari amabwiriza ashobora gusohoka mbere y’uko uyu mwaka urangira.
Gusa amashyaka yo ku rundi ruhande yo arimo kuburira ku kaga k’urumogi rudafite amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa ryarwo, ndetse akavuga ko atsinze amatora yakongera kurugira icyaha.
Ahavuye isanamu, Lulu Luo/BBC
Uburyo ubucuruzi bw’urumogi bwateye imbere cyane mu mezi ashize rwemejwe byatangaje abantu benshi
Ahazaza h’uru ruganda rwisanzuye ubu ntabwo haboneka neza.
Tukta, umunyeshuri wa kaminuza w’imyaka 21, umwaka ushize nibwo yajyanye n’ibigezweho, ashora miliyoni irenga y’ama-baht (($30,000; 31,000,000Frw) afungura coffee shop yise The Herb Club i Bangkok. Uyu mukobwa acuruza urumogi rutunganyije mu buryo 16, ku giciro cyo hagati ya $10 na $80 kuri garama imwe, gusa afite ubwoba igihe amategeko yahinduka.
Kubera ubundi bushabitsi nk’ubwe bwinshi cyane buri hafi ye, business ye ntihagaze neza kandi ntihagaze nabi.
Kitty Chopaka ati: “Igiciro kirimo kugwa kubera kwiyongera k’urumogi. Hari rwinshi ruva hanze mu buryo butemewe. Turimo gutera imbuto zo hanze, zikenera kwitabwaho cyane. Dukwiye kureba uko duhinga imbuto zigenganye n’ikirere cyacu kandi zidasaba byinshi mu kuzihinga.”
“Dukwiye rwose gusubira ku murage wacu, umuco wacu wa cyera. Kuko urumogi n’abaturage ba hano ni intatana.”
Ku baturage benshi bakuriye mu gihugu cy’ubutegetsi bubona ibiyobyabwenge byose nka sekibi kuri sosiyete, uburyo ubucuruzi bw’urumogi burimo kuzamuka kuva umwaka ushize ni igitangaza.
Kugeza mu myaka ya 1970 urumogi rwari rugihingwa cyane mu misozi yo mu majyaruguru ya Thailand, ahantu hafi y’umupaka hazwi nka Golden Triangle, ahantu hakundaga kuva opium nyinshi yajyaga gucuruzwa ku isi.
Muri ayo majyaruguru urumogi rwakoreshwaga cyane kandi mu buryo busanzwe nk’ikimera kivura, n’ikirungo cyo gutekesha.
Ubwo abasirikare ba Amerika bahagera mu myaka ya 1960 ubwo babaga bari mu kitwaga “kuruhuka no kwihugenza” bavuye mu ntambara muri Vietnam bavumbuye itabi bise ‘Thai stick’, ryabaga rimeze nka cigar nini ikozwe mu rumogi ariko ruzinze mu bibabi by’imigano biri ku gati k’umugano.
Aba basirikare batangiye kujya bajyana uru rumogi rwa Tailand iwabo muri Amerika ku bwinshi; hamwe na heroin ivuye muri Golden Triangle.
Ahavuye isanamu, Lulu Luo/BBC
Urumogi ruracuruzwa henshi kandi mu buryo butandukanye harimo ubukunzwe cyane bwitwa Thai stick
Intambara ya Vietnam irangiye, Amerika yashyize igitutu kuri Thailand ngo igabanye gutunganya ibiyobyabwenge. Mu 1979 Thailand yatoye itegeko rihana ibiyobyabwenge, ritanga ibihano bikaze ku kubinywa no kubicuruza, birimo n’icyo gupfa.
Ibi byahuriranye n’uko muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba yose yari itangiye ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubusambanyi n’ibiyobyabwenge kubera ibibazo by’umutekano mucye bibishamikiyeho byariho biboneka. Thailand, Singapore na Malaysia byakajije inzego z’abinjira n’abasohoka ngo zirwanye abatwara ibiyobyabwenge.
Ku kibuga cy’indege muri Singapore, ufite umusatsi muremure yahitagamo kogoshwa cyangwa ntatambuke. Muri Malaysia n’uketsweho gutwara ikiyobyabwenge yahitaga asubizwa iwabo. Muri Thailand ho mu 1976 inzego za leta zishe abanyeshuri bagera muri za mirongo bari impirimbanyi zamagana ayo mategeko akarishye.
Hagati aho habaye kwamamaza ibindi bihingwa byera mu misozi nk’ikawa na macadamia kugira ngo abantu bareke guhinga urumogi na opium.
Gusa mu myaka ya 1990 iki gihugu cyuzuyemo ikiyobyabwenge cya methamphetamine gihendutse cyavaga mu bice bya Myanmar yari mu ntambara.
‘Meth’, nk’uko bayita, yagize benshi mu rubyiruko imbata zayo bituma rubanda irushaho kwanga ibiyobyabwenge, leta nayo itangiza umuhate ukaze wo kubirwanya mu 2003 aho nibura abantu 1,400 bakekwaho kubikoresha no kubicuruza bishwe. Gereza zabo zaruzuriranye – bitatu bya kane by’abafunze ari ibiyobyabwenge, benshi ari abana.
Ibi amaherezo byatumye abategetsi ba Thailand bongera gutekereza ku mategeko akaze yabo, hamwe no kuba urumogi rukoreshwa mu buvuzi babona ko rushobora kuba amahirwe mu buvuzi. Ndetse bahise batekereza no ku mahirwe ari mu kuba bakwemera ko rukoreshwa mu kwishimisha.
Ahavuye isanamu, Lulu Luo/BBC
Tom Kruesopon azwi cyane nka ‘Mr Weed’ kubera uruhare yagize mu guhindura amategeko yemeje urumogi
Tom Kruesopon, umushabitsi wo muri Thailand uzwi nka “Mr Weed” kubera uruhare rukomeye yagize mu guharanira ko urumogi rwemezwa, akunze kwakira abakerarugendo benshi bavuye i Burayi baba batangajwe cyane n’ibyo babonye bageze Bangkok.
Tom afite inzu icuruza cookies/biscuits zikoranywe n’urumogi i Bangkok ndetse akorana n’abahinzi benshi b’urumogi ba hano, agacuruza n’ibindi bicuruzwa birwamamaza nk’imyenda irushushanyijeho n’ibindi.
Tom aba abwira abakerarugendo ko badakwiye kugira ubwoba kuko ubu ntawabafata kuko baguze cyangwa barimo gukoresha urumogi muri Thailand, nubwo bwose atemera ko hari urunywera mu iduka rye. We yemera ko ubu bushabitsi buzakomeza gutera imbere.
Ati: “Ndabyizeye neza ko tuzagira kompanyi za miliyari z’amadorari hano”. Ariko nawe yemera ko hakenewe amabwiriza meza “naho ubundi bizica iyi ‘zahabu’.”
Gusa hari abandi babibona ukundi. Umucuruzi wo ku muhanda w’imyaka 32 ati: “Ntabwo ari byo. Kuri njye ruracyari ikiyobyabwenge…abakiri bato nibo gusa barukoresha cyane n’abari bararuretse ubu barusubiyeho.”
Naho umwe mu bakora akazi ko gutwara abantu avuga ko kwemera ikoreshwa ry’urumogi mu gihugu bitamufashije kandi bitamuhombeje: “Ntabwo tubyitayeho kuko ntabwo twarunywaga. Ntacyo bitubwiye.”
Bamwe mu baganga baburiye ibyago biva ku kubatwa (addiction) n’urumogi, ariko kutuye iki gihugu benshi bitandukanye n’uko byari byifashe igihe cy’akaga katewe na methamphetamine. Ikindi abaguzi barwo mu maduka menshi arucuruza i Bangkok ni abakerarugendo bo mu mahanga, si abaturage ba hano.
Ahavuye isanamu, Lulu Luo/BBC
Amanda avuga ko ubu anezerewe kuko abasha guhinga urumogi mu nzu ye atikanga ko polisi imukomangira ku muryango
Amanda we yishimiye ko iwe mu rugo abasha guhinga imbuto zarwo akunda, nta bwoba ko polisi iza gukomanga iwe. Inzu ye nto ya ‘apartment’ yayihinduye ahantu hameze nk’urusengero ruto rurimo amatara n’amahema mato aho aruhinga.
Ati: “Mbere byarangoye. Nari mfite byinshi byo kwiga. Ntabwo rwabonaga igipimo gihagije cy’ubushyuhe bigatuma nkoresha icyuma gitanga igipimo gikenewe cy’ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje. Ibi ni byiza ko byabaye muri Thailand. Ubu ibihumbi by’abantu bari muri ubu bushabitsi.”
Mu biganiro byose by’abanyapolitike muri iki gihugu byo kongera guhindura urumogi icyaha, cyangwa kurugarukiriza ku buvuzi gusa, aho kwemera ko rukoreshwa no mu kwishimisha – abari mu bucuruzi bwarwo bavuga ko bisa n’ibidashoboka.
